The aids provided for understanding the structure and intended uses of an information system or its components , such as flowcharts , textual material , and end - user manuals 一種輔助工具,如流程圖、文本材料、用戶手冊(cè),用來(lái)理解信息系統(tǒng)及其各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和預(yù)期的用途。