例句與造句

1. As the Young Plan did not allow a devaluation of the " Reichsmark ", Br黱ing triggered a deflationary internal devaluation by forcing the economy to reduce prices, rents, salaries and wages by 20 %.
2. Even in Keynesian models, a small open economy can, in the long run, restore full employment through deflation and internal devaluation; the point, however, is that it involves many years of suffering ".
3. "' Internal devaluation "'is an economic and social policy option whose aim is to restore the international competitiveness of some country mainly by reducing its labour costs  either wages or the indirect costs of employers.
4. Pisani-Ferry says Latvia was rather successful in performing its internal devaluation following the crisis of 2008 09 . While the process was painful in terms of unemployment and wage cuts, exports did pick up, the external deficit was eliminated and Latvia's economy returned to growth.
5. Each of the eurozone countries being involved in a bailout program ( Greece, Portugal and Ireland ) was asked both to follow a program with fiscal consolidation / austerity, and to restore competitiveness through implementation of structural reforms and internal devaluation, i . e . lowering their relative production costs.
6. It's difficult to find internal devaluation in a sentence. 用internal devaluation造句挺難的
7. It acknowledges that the internal devaluation can be politically costly and that it requires that the " labour market institutions need to allow for more flexibility, and more product market competition is required ", but it misses the point that the development of the human capital cannot occur without the necessary investments.
8. Commentator David Marsh in late 2012 drew attention to that forecast as he highlighted " the significant internal devaluations of their currencies though a sharp fall in unit labor costs " which Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece, for example, have suffered in the European sovereign-debt crisis of 2008 onward.
9. Global competitiveness indices, European Union Innovation Scoreboard, the miserable rating levels had not changed in the following year as well ) as well as severe emigration proves the negative impact of internal devaluation on the development of the human resources and the potential GDP ( whose performance can be measured by the notable inflation rate ).
10. In fact, there is research about the labour market policies that has been implemented during the internal devaluation and the researcher concluded " I will argue that the seemingly flexible reaction of the . . . labour market to the crisis is to a large extent due to weak law enforcement " . acknowledges ( without quantitative estimations ) that the policy of internal devaluation is " painful and slow ".
11. In fact, there is research about the labour market policies that has been implemented during the internal devaluation and the researcher concluded " I will argue that the seemingly flexible reaction of the . . . labour market to the crisis is to a large extent due to weak law enforcement " . acknowledges ( without quantitative estimations ) that the policy of internal devaluation is " painful and slow ".
12. Since they don't, it can either happen through a decrease in nominal wages in Spain and Greece, also known as " internal devaluation ", ( an extremely difficult and slow process, since nominal wages, in general, exhibit downward rigidity ), or through an equal increase in nominal wages ( i . e . inflation ) in Northern Europe, which does not happen because of active resistance from Germany.
13. Therefore,-if the internal devaluation is all about the costs of workforce then it can be dreadful for the future, because the future economies apparently will require more and more skilled ( and not cheaper ) workforce and companies will adopt technologies for all the job positions where it will be profitable ( the development of technologies is making more and more technologies available for profitable use in companies ) and therefore those work positions will be lost for employees altogether.
14. Paul de Grauwe argues that the competitiveness of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain deteriorated during the period from 1999 to 2008 / 9, and that since 2008 / 9 dramatic turnarounds of the competitive positions have occurred in Ireland, Spain and Greece . de Grauwe estimates Ireland to have completed an internal devaluation amounting to 23.5 %, Greece 11.4 %, Spain 8.9 %, Portugal 3.2 % and Italy 0.6 %.
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