with increasing deviance from this heuristic model ( that is, of course, with all actual societies, though not to the same degree ) there will be important modifications in the givenness of the institutional meanings 隨著與這種啟發(fā)模型的差異增加(當然,每個實際社會的程度不同),在既定制度化意義中有很重要的修正。
it is aimed, from the perspectives of both speaker and hearer, to analyze and discuss the four cognitive and pragmatic factors influencing the coding and decoding of bridging reference : accessibility, givenness hierarch, shared knowledge, and optimal relevance as well as their roles in the coding and decoding of the special reference 從話語交際雙方出發(fā),分析影響確定性橋接參照構建與解讀的若干認知語用因素可及性、已知性、共識性和最佳關聯性,以及它們在橋接參照構建和指稱確認過程中各自的作用。