Pauperization : a paradox in development 發(fā)展的悖論
On china ' s urban pauperization and urbanites ' minimum living security system 城市最低生活保障制度的缺陷及對策
Urban pauperization in our country and the system of safeguarding minimum standard of living for townspeople 論我國城市貧困化與城市居民最低生活保障制度
Li - jia system can not be adapted to society and emerged malpractice , in the short period from the investigating of registered permanent residence to the memorial to the throne that contributed by ke song the development of commodity economy , increasing and transferring ot population , field exchanging and grabbing by landlord , and the pauperization ot peasantry , all the factors that came forth in late ming dynasty disorganized li - jia system 從首次舉行編審,到柯聳的《編審厘弊疏》 ,在很短的時間內里甲制度就已經暴露出嚴重不適合社會現(xiàn)實的種種弊端。明末以來商品經濟的發(fā)展、人口的增殖與流動、土地買賣兼并以及大多數(shù)農民貧困加劇等因素,動搖著里甲制度。
a state of extreme poverty or destitution; "their indigence appalled him"; "a general state of need exists among the homeless" 同義詞:indigence, need, penury, pauperism