例句與造句

1. abstract : plant responses to salt stress via a complex mechanism, including sensing and transducing the stress signal, activating the transcription factors and the corresponding metabolizing genes . since the whole mechanism is still unclear, this review emphasize the biochemical events during the plant adaptation to salt stress referring to an index of importance : the homeostasis in cytoplasm, the biosynthesis of osmolytes and the transport of water . most of these biochemical events were elucidated by study of halophyte and salt-sensitive mutations, also many important genes involved were cloned and used to generate stress-tolerance phenotypes in transgenic plants . on the other hand, about the molecular mechanism in signal transduction, the research of arabidopsis mutations and yeast functional complementation provided helpful traces but not full pathway
   摘要植物對鹽脅迫的耐受反應是個復雜的過程,在分子水平上它包括對外界鹽信號的感應和傳遞,特異轉錄因子的激活和下游控制生理生化應答的效應基因的表達.在生化應答中,本文著重討論負責維持和重建離子平衡的膜轉運蛋白、滲調劑的生物合成和功能及水分控制.這些生理生化應答最終使得液泡中離子濃度升高和滲調劑在胞質中積累.近年來,通過對各種鹽生植物或鹽敏感突變株的研究,闡明了許多鹽應答的離子轉運途徑、水通道和物種特異的滲調劑代謝途徑,克隆了其相關基因并能在轉基因淡水植物中產生耐鹽表型;另一方面,在擬南芥突變體及利用酵母鹽敏感突變株功能互補篩選得到一些編碼信號傳遞蛋白的基因,這些都有助于闡明植物鹽脅迫應答的分子機制。
2. It's difficult to find osmolytes in a sentence. 用osmolytes造句挺難的