making n. 1.制作(物),制造(物),生產(chǎn);一次制造量;發(fā)展[發(fā)達(dá)]過(guò)程;成功的原因[手段];組織;〔常 pl.〕原料,材料。 2.〔口語(yǔ)〕 〔pl.〕利益,賺頭,所得。 3.〔pl.〕素質(zhì),要素。 4.〔pl.〕〔美口〕(自卷自抽的)卷煙材料[紙和煙]。 5. (煤礦中挖出來(lái)的)粉煤。 the makings of a good garden 一個(gè)美好的花園的條件。 be the making of 成為…的基礎(chǔ),保證…的成功 (His failure has been the making of him. 他的失敗成了他成功的原因)。 have the makings of 具有…的素質(zhì)。 in making 制造中,建設(shè)中。 in the making 醞釀中的,在發(fā)展過(guò)程中的;未完成的。
It is the carrier ' s right to sign the b / l according to goods " real status . it also ensure carrier to prevent respond for consignee . lt is focus on whether should sign note - made b / l , how to sign note - made b / l in practice . after analyseing the cause of how dissension brought onjt gives some idea of what is not cleanness b / l and what is the standard of note - made b / l and so on 而依貨物實(shí)際狀況進(jìn)行批注是承運(yùn)人的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利,也是承運(yùn)人防止對(duì)收貨人承擔(dān)責(zé)任的一項(xiàng)保障措施。實(shí)踐中,是否應(yīng)對(duì)提單予以批注,如何批注往往就成為了承托雙方糾紛的焦點(diǎn)。筆者在分析了糾紛產(chǎn)生原因后,就什么是不清潔提單,提單批注的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等方面提出了自己觀點(diǎn),希望有助于避免或減少批注糾紛的發(fā)生。
The thesis starts from bill of lading ( b / l ) dissension and trade contract interior relation , wants to give some idea of the numerous b / l dissension frequently comeing forth injustice practice , such as note - made b / l dissension , advanced bil , antidated b / l dissension . delivery cargo without presentation b / l dissension , nobody picking up the goods ( including consignee refuses to pick up the goods dissension ) , letter of indemnity in communication with all these dissension , and also to give some idea of carrier ' s duty at different kinds of dissension hereon foundation 本文從提單糾紛與貿(mào)易合同實(shí)際存在的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系這一角度出發(fā),結(jié)合中外法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定,對(duì)司法實(shí)踐中頻繁出現(xiàn)的若干提單糾紛:提單批注糾紛,預(yù)借、倒簽提單糾紛,無(wú)單放貨糾紛,目的港無(wú)人提貨(收貨人拒絕提貨糾紛)以及與諸種糾紛聯(lián)系緊密的海運(yùn)保函糾紛問(wèn)題作一些理論上的研究與分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了承運(yùn)人在各種糾紛中的責(zé)任,提出了筆者的一些淺薄觀點(diǎn)。
The first chapter includes two parts going into particulars of the relation between note - made b / l dissension and trade contract . lt require that the seller delivery cleanness b / l to buyer in international trade . unless have got in particular promise . and bank refuse to accept not cleanness b / l , as a result . seller usually demand carrier sign cleanness b / l in international trade 應(yīng)考慮并結(jié)合貿(mào)易因素去判決承運(yùn)人在提單糾紛中的責(zé)任。第一章提單批注糾紛與貿(mào)易合同關(guān)系,分兩部分詳細(xì)闡述。國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,除非有特別約定,往往要求賣方提供清潔提單,不清潔提單是不被銀行所接受的。