back n. 1.背,背部;背脊;背面,反面;背后,后部,后面,里面。 2.(指)甲;(刀)背;(手)背;(書)背;(椅子)靠背;(山)脊;(船的)龍骨;襯墊,底座。 3.體力;力氣。 4.【摔跤】仰面倒下。 5.【戲劇】(舞臺的)背景。 6.足球后衛(wèi)。 7.【語言學(xué)】舌根音[軟口蓋音]。 8.(pl. -s) 〔美國〕假鈔票。 at the back of a house 房屋背后。 The back of the mouth 口腔深處。 Full back (足球的)后衛(wèi)。 Half back 中衛(wèi)。 Lazy back 椅子的靠背。 At sb.'s back 做某人的靠山。 At the back of 在…之后,在…背后 (at the back of one's mind 在心里,內(nèi)心上;下意識)。 Back and belly 背與腹;衣食;腹背(都)。 Back and edge 盡力,拼命。 Back to back (with) 背對背。 Behind sb.'s back 在某人背后;背地里,暗中。 Break one's back 折斷脊背骨;負(fù)擔(dān)過重,承受不住。 Break the back of 1. 毀壞;傷其要害。 2. 克服某事最艱巨的部分;度過最困難的時刻。 Cast sth. Behind one's back 把某事置之腦后。 Get off sb.'s back 停止對某人攻擊[責(zé)難]。 Get one's back up 發(fā)怒。 Get [put, set] sb.'s back up 〔口語〕觸怒某人,惹惱〔由貓怒弓背而來〕。 Get the back of 繞至…的背后。 Give [make] a back (游戲)彎背作馬狀供人跳過。 Give the back to (轉(zhuǎn)過身子)背向著,遺棄。 Have [with] one's back to the wall 陷入絕境。 Have sb. At one's back 以某人作靠山。 In back of 〔美口〕在…之后,在…的背面。 On one's back 仰向,朝天 (lie on one's back 仰臥。 Fall on one's back 仰面倒下;背,馱;逼近背后)。 On [upon] the back of 由…背后,緊靠…的后面,繼續(xù);此外,加之。 One's back is up (像貓發(fā)怒一樣)聳著背 (His back was up. 他發(fā)怒了)。 Put one's back into (sth.) 努力干(某事)。 See the back of 趕走,攆走;擺脫某人。 Set one's back against the wall 以寡敵眾,負(fù)隅頑抗。 Show the back to 逃出,逃離。 Slap sb. On the back 拍拍(某人)脊背〔表示贊成、鼓勵〕。 The Backs 〔英口〕 (Cambridge 大學(xué)的)校后校園。 The back of beyond 偏僻之地,遙遠的地方。 To the back 到骨髓,完全。 Turn the back 逃亡,敗走。 Turn the [one's] back on 不理睬;丟棄;逃出。 adj. 1.后部的,背部的;后面的 (opp. Front) 內(nèi)地的,偏僻的;〔美國〕邊遠的,邊陲的。 2.(貨物等)回程的;向后動的,逆的。 3.(思想)落后的。 4.〔美國〕未繳的,拖欠下的,未付的。 5.(雜志等)過了期的。 6.【語言學(xué)】舌根的。 a back street 〔美國〕背街。 A back door 后門。 Back teeth 大牙,槽牙。 A back settler 邊疆居民,邊疆移住民。 Back cargo 歸程(載運的)貨物。 A back current 逆流。 A back salary [rent] 欠薪[租]。 Give a back answer 回嘴;頂撞。 Take a back seat 坐末位,坐下席;謙下。 Take the back track 〔美國〕回去,退去。 adv. 1.向后,退,在后面,向背面,倒,回頭,返,歸,復(fù);離開;隱匿。 2.壓制著,勒,扣,阻礙。 3.以前,過去;從前。 answer back回嘴。 Pay back付還。 Send back送回。 What is the fare to London and back? 去倫敦來回要多少錢? A few pages back 兩三頁前。 For some time back 前些時以來。 Two years back 二年前。 vt. 【計算機】備份,把(文件等)備份(up)。 To back up tiles is tedious work.把文檔備份是一項枯燥無味的工作。 ?B-! 回去! Back and forth 〔美國〕 1. 來來去去。 2. 翻來覆去。 Back of 〔美口〕在…的后部,在…的背后。 Be back 〔口語〕回家;回來 (I'll be back in a minute. 馬上就回來)。 Come back = go back 回,歸。 Go back from [(up) on] 拋棄,辜負(fù);出賣(朋友) (He went back on his friends. 他背叛了朋友)。 Go back from one's word 違約,食言。 Keep back ! 不要過來!不要前進! Keep back (sth.) 阻止向前;忍住;勒住;扣下;隱匿[瞞] (keep back the truth 隱瞞真相)。 Look back 回顧。 Talk back 回嘴,還嘴;反復(fù)重說。 There and back = to and back 往返;來回。 vt. 1.裱(畫);給…裝背襯;裝上(椅)背;作(風(fēng)景等)的背景。 2.給…做后援,支持,資助;慫恿;下睹注于。 3.背書(支票等),落名(信后等)。 4.使后退,使折回。 5.乘,騎(馬);〔口語〕背,馱。 6.〔美國〕位于…的背后。 back an automobile 倒車,退車。 Back a picture 裱畫。 Back a check 背書支票,在支票背面簽字。 vi. 退后,倒退,逆行;(風(fēng)向)反(時針)轉(zhuǎn)。 Back a sail 【航海】轉(zhuǎn)帆使船緩進。 Back and fill 【航海】(風(fēng)向紊亂時)看風(fēng)使舵因勢前進;〔美國〕逡巡,躊躇。 Back down 放棄權(quán)利等,撒手;打退堂鼓,取消前言。 Back off 退避;后退。 Back on to 〔美國〕背靠著。 Back out (of) 縮手(放棄某事),取消;扭松,旋出;逃避(責(zé)任等)。 Back the wrong horse 〔美口〕估計錯;選錯。 Back up 支持,為…撐腰;堵塞,攔(水);【棒球】搶救后方;【計算機】把(文件等備份)。
Based on the integration of fuzzy logic system and neural networks the thesis constructs a fuzzy neural network controller , which is used in ship course self - studying adaptive control system . because the fuzzy logic system is realized in neural network , the fuzzy neural network controller " s self - studying ability is raised greatly . substituting improved genetic algorithm for back propagation algorithm in fuzzy neural network controller ship course fuzzy neural network control system " s real - time ability is raised 針對模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)有很強的知識表達能力和邏輯推理能力,但自學(xué)習(xí)能力比較差,而人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在自學(xué)習(xí)和函數(shù)逼近方面又具有獨特的優(yōu)越性,將兩者結(jié)合,用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來實現(xiàn)模糊邏輯系統(tǒng),構(gòu)造了一個基于模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制武漢理工大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文器的船舶航向自學(xué)習(xí)型自適應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng),提出用改進的遺傳算法代替神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中經(jīng)典的bp算法實現(xiàn)模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的學(xué)習(xí),綜合船舶航向控制性能和節(jié)能要求,建立了系統(tǒng)的適應(yīng)度函數(shù)。
For the planar gap and the tridimensional vertical bend of shielded cpw , fdtd simulations are carried out to produce training and testing samples and error - back propagation algorithm is used to train the multilayer perceptron neural networks ( mlpnns ) . rapid and accuracy cad models of these structures are successfully obtained for the first time 對于屏蔽cpw的間隙不連續(xù)性和垂直互連不連續(xù)性結(jié)構(gòu),采用fdtd方法獲取訓(xùn)練和檢測樣本數(shù)據(jù),用回傳算法訓(xùn)練多層感知器,首次成功地獲得了這些結(jié)構(gòu)快速、準(zhǔn)確的cad模型。
Based on the historical space forecast data and corresponding actual data provided by a global semiconductor assembly and test company , the uncertainty of space planning was defined . during this analysis process , linear regression , grey prediction , neural network back propagation algorithm and confidence interval were applied , respectively , to define the uncertainty . compared with those methods , the confidence interval of historical space forecast error , calculated by mathematical statistics , was the reasonable method to define the space forecasting uncertainty 本文從半導(dǎo)體工廠長期生產(chǎn)能力計劃的頂層即廠房生產(chǎn)面積的計劃展開,對一跨國半導(dǎo)體封裝測試公司提供的廠房生產(chǎn)面積的長期歷史預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)以及對應(yīng)的真實數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,采用線性回歸,灰預(yù)測,神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)bp算法,基于數(shù)理統(tǒng)計的置信區(qū)間的求解等方法分別定義廠房生產(chǎn)面積預(yù)測的不確定度,經(jīng)多種方法的比較得出,基于數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法求解出的生產(chǎn)面積歷史預(yù)測誤差置信區(qū)間能直觀清楚地標(biāo)定不確定度。
The simulation results indicate the capability of genetic algorithm in fast and steady learning of neural networks , guaranteeing a global convergence and overcoming some shortcomings of traditional error back propagation algorithms , meanwhile prove that this neural networks adaptive control structure is effective to many control problems and it is easy for us to programme and employ the method in the practical system 仿真結(jié)果表明遺傳算法能夠快速穩(wěn)定地學(xué)習(xí)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),保證全局收斂西安理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文并且能夠克服傳統(tǒng)誤差反傳算法的一些缺點,也證明了這種神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)自適應(yīng)控制結(jié)構(gòu)可以有效解決系統(tǒng)中存在的控制難題,同時編程容易,便于在實際系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用。
Neural network control is an important mode of intelligent control , and it is widely used in branches of control science , , first , the architecture and the learning rule ( error back propagation algorithm ) of multiplayered neural network which is widely used in control system are presentedo especially , the paper refers to the architecture of diagonal recurrent neural network and its learning algorithm - - - - - recurrent prediction error algorithm because of its faster convergence with low computing costo next , before introducing the neural network control to the double close loop dc driver system , the controllers of current and velocity loop are designed using engineering design approach after analysis of the system , , simulation models of the system are created 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制是智能控制的重要方式之一,它廣泛應(yīng)用于自動控制學(xué)科各個領(lǐng)域。本文首先敘述了控制系統(tǒng)中常用的多層前饋網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)及算法( bp算法) ,特別提及了能夠較好描述系統(tǒng)動態(tài)性能的對角遞歸神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和在用遞推預(yù)報誤差算法訓(xùn)練drnn時取得了較快的收斂速度。其次,應(yīng)用工程方法分析設(shè)計了tf - 1350糖分離機的電流、轉(zhuǎn)速雙閉環(huán)直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的控制器,作為引入神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制的設(shè)計基礎(chǔ),并建立了系統(tǒng)的仿真模型。
Firstly , on the basic of normal error back propagation algorithm ( bp a1gorithm ) , the model was added the inertia impulse item in the updating formula for weight , and then let learning rate and inertia parameter adjust ll self - adaptively , so the improved bp algorithm ( improved bp algorithm , ibp algorithm ) formed 首先,該模型在誤差反向傳播算法( bp算法)的基礎(chǔ)上,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)權(quán)值更新公式中添加慣性沖量項,并對學(xué)習(xí)率和慣量因子進行自適應(yīng)調(diào)整,從而形成bp改進算法( improvedbp算法,簡稱ibp算法) 。