The basic principle of variable step - size algorithm is analysed , as the facter of variable step - size algorithm mse , the non - linear function of error signal , autocorrelation of error signal and the kurtosis of error signal is proposed , and four new variable step - size cma is achieved . 3 . the kurtosis of equalizer output as a new variable step - size facter is propose , which provide an alternative method of variable step - size , and a new variable step - size cma by putting it into cma is achieved 3 、分析了將輸出信號的峰度用于步長控制的可行性,為變步長算法步長的控制參量提供了新的選擇,并將其應(yīng)用于恒模算法的步長控制,得到一種新的恒模改進(jìn)算法,并通過計(jì)算機(jī)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)算法優(yōu)良的收斂性能。
Abstract : a bandgap voltage reference is presented with a piecewise - linear compensating circuit in order to reduce the temperature coefficient . the basic principle is to divide the whole operating temperature range into some sub - ranges . at different temperature sub - ranges the bandgap reference can be compensated by different linear functions . since the temperature sub - range is much narrower than the whole range , the compensation error can be reduced significantly . theoretically , the precision can be improved unlimitedly if the sub - ranges are narrow enough . in the given example , with only three temperature sub - ranges , the temperature coefficient of a conventional bandgap reference drops from 1 . 5 10 - 5 / to 2 10 - 6 / over the - 40 to 120 temperature range 文摘:提出了一種采用分段線性補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒▉韺?shí)現(xiàn)高精度帶隙基準(zhǔn),其基本原理是將整個(gè)溫度區(qū)間分為若干個(gè)子區(qū)間,在不同子區(qū)間上采用不同線性補(bǔ)償函數(shù)達(dá)到最佳補(bǔ)償.由于溫度區(qū)間縮小,補(bǔ)償誤差也隨之減小,從而在整個(gè)工作溫度間上的補(bǔ)償誤差也縮小.理論上,只要溫度子區(qū)間取得足夠小,就可以達(dá)到任意精度.示例中將- 40 120的溫度區(qū)間僅分為三個(gè)子區(qū)間,平均溫度系數(shù)就從1 . 5 10 - 5 /減小到2 10 - 6 /
In rsdm , binary patterns are replaced by real - valued patterns , accordingly avoiding the coding process ; the outer learning rule is replaced by regression rule , therefore the model has not only the ability of pattern recognition but the ability of function approximation . the prearrangement of the address array bases on the distribution of patterns . if the distribution of patterns is uniform . then the address array is prearranged randomly , otherwise predisposed with the theory of genetic algorithm and the pruneing measure so as to indicate the distribution of patterns and improve the network performance . non - linear function approximation , time - series prediction and handwritten numeral recognition show that the modified model is effective and feasible 在rsdm中,以實(shí)值模式代替二值模式,避免了實(shí)值到二值的編碼過程:以回歸學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)則代替外積法,使該模型在具有識別能力的同時(shí)具有了對函數(shù)的逼近能力;地址矩陣的預(yù)置根據(jù)樣本的分布采取不同方法,若樣本均勻分布,則隨機(jī)預(yù)置,否則利用遺傳算法的原理和消減措施來預(yù)置地址矩陣,使之反映樣本的分布,改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能。
An off - line algorithm of constrained model predictive control based on piecewise - linear feedback control law is presented to solve its potentially high on - line computational demand . the piecewise - linear feedback control law is off - line computed by lmi optimization problems and the on - line control computation reduces to the simple evaluation of the defined piecewise linear function , which makes the online computational efficiency significantly improved . 4 針對預(yù)測控制滾動優(yōu)化命題的在線計(jì)算任務(wù)大,作者提出了一種基于分段反饋的離線預(yù)測控制算法,通過離線求解線性矩陣不等式優(yōu)化命題構(gòu)造分段反饋控制律,在線運(yùn)行時(shí)只需實(shí)施滿足條件的反饋控制律,極大地提高了控制器在線計(jì)算效率。
We hold that the integrate effect consists of two parts : 1 + 1 > 2 and a + b = c , in terms of math : here x1 , x2 , . . . . . . , xn : integrate units s : functions of new system what features an integrated system are subjective initiative , non - linear function , dynamic connection , sub - system uncertainty , selective competition . the basic factors of integration are integrate context , integrate units , integrate interface and environment , which form the integration condition respectively the basic integrate patterns covers point - to - point , pipeline and hub 首先,深入探討了集成的內(nèi)涵,即集成是指為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某一目標(biāo),在一定的集成環(huán)境中,若干集成單元動態(tài)地集合成一個(gè)泛邊界狀態(tài)的有機(jī)整體的過程,指出集成效應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)解釋除了1 + 1 2外,還應(yīng)該包括: a + b = c ,即若以x _ 1 , x _ 2 , … … , x _ n代表集成單元, s代表集成后新系統(tǒng)的總功能,那么其特征有:主體行為性、功能非線性、關(guān)系動態(tài)性、單元泛化性、選擇競爭性;集成的基本要素包括集成背景、集成單元、集成界面和集成環(huán)境等四要素;基本模式有點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)模式、管線型模式和集線器型模式;基本條件有集成背景條件、集成單元條件、集成界面條件和集成環(huán)境條件。
The objectives are to minimize a linear function of total completion time and total variation of completion time , a linear function of total waiting time and total variation of waiting time , a cost function based on earliness , tardiness , window size , window location , and a linear function of the due date , the earliness and tardiness for all jobs 目標(biāo)函數(shù)分別為極小化完工時(shí)間和與完工時(shí)間偏差和的線性組合,極小化等待時(shí)問和與等待時(shí)間偏差和的線性組合,極小化提前時(shí)間、延誤時(shí)間、最早交貨期及窗口長度的加權(quán)和,極小化提前時(shí)間、延誤時(shí)間及公共工期的加權(quán)和。
After analyzing the difficulties that lies in comprehensive evaluation of the anti - jamming ability of radar net , the paper discusses the probability of solving the problem using the excellent non - linear function approaching speciality owned by bp neural network , and analyses various problem that required to pay attention to during the modeling and evaluating process , emphasizes particularly on determining the input index aggregate together with output index aggregate and training arithmetic and validation when constructing the evaluation model , the potential use of established model is also probed into 摘要在分析目前綜合評估雷達(dá)網(wǎng)抗干擾性能時(shí)遇到困難后,探討了利用bp人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)良好的非線性函數(shù)逼近特性來解決這一問題的可行性,并分析了在用這種方法建模評估的過程中需要注意的各種問題;其中側(cè)重對在具體構(gòu)造評估模型時(shí)輸入輸出評估指標(biāo)集的確定方法和模型的訓(xùn)練驗(yàn)證方法進(jìn)行了研究,并進(jìn)一步分析了建立的模型可能的用途。
The approximation property of projection pursuit wavelet neural network ( ppwnn ) which is applied to non - linear function is studied , the convergence rate is given in this paper also . 3 . we demonstrate projection pursuit wavelet neural network ( wppnn ) has a good applicability by the approximation of five non - linear functions and the prediction of sunport and chaos time series and the use of edge detection 主要工作如下: ( 1 )建立了投影尋蹤小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)學(xué)模型、拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及非線性學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)理; ( 2 )證明了投影尋蹤小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以逼近非線性函數(shù),并給出了其收斂速度; ( 3 )通過投影尋蹤小波神經(jīng)絡(luò)對五種非線性函數(shù)的逼近和對太陽黑子、混沌時(shí)間序列的模擬預(yù)報(bào)以及投影尋蹤小波學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在圖象邊緣檢測中的應(yīng)用,說明該網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。
In the research of the algorithms and theory of temporal difference learning , a new class of multi - step learning prediction algorithms based on linear function approximators and recursive least squares methods is proposed , which are called the rls - td ( t ) learning algorithm . the convergence with probability one of the rls - td ( t ) algorithm is proved for ergodic markov chains , and the conditions for convergence are analyzed 在時(shí)域差值學(xué)習(xí)( temporaldifferencelearning )學(xué)習(xí)算法和理論方面,首次提出了一種基于線性值函數(shù)逼近的多步遞推最小二乘td ( ) ( rls - td ( ) )學(xué)習(xí)算法,并分析和證明了該算法在求解遍歷markov鏈學(xué)習(xí)預(yù)測問題中的收斂條件和一致收斂性。