singular adj. 1.唯一的,獨(dú)一的,單獨(dú)的,一人的,一個(gè)的;【法律】各自的,各個(gè)的;【邏輯學(xué)】單稱的;【語(yǔ)法】單數(shù)的。 2.奇特的,特別的,異常的;非凡的,卓越的。 singular clothes 奇裝異服。 singular nature 奇特性。 a most singular phenomenon 一個(gè)最奇特的現(xiàn)象。 all and singular 所有的人;一律;完完全全一個(gè)不漏。 be dressed in singular fashion 穿著奇裝異服。 n. 【語(yǔ)法】單數(shù);單數(shù)的詞。 adv. -ly 1.異常;格外。 2.單獨(dú);個(gè)別;【語(yǔ)法】用單數(shù)。 n. -ness =singularity. -y adj. 【語(yǔ)法】單元的,一元的,不成對(duì)的。
In this paper , we mainly describe the digital watermarking technologies of information security . we firstly introduced the research backgrounds , basic principles , application areas and recent development of the digital watermarking technology . then we adopted some new technologies such as chaos , svd ( singular value decomposition ) , anns ( artificial neural networks ) , ecc ( error correction code ) , into the digital watermarking and proposed several different kinds of watermarking schemes : watermarking with chaos control ; watermarking in svd domain ; robustness enhancement with anns and ecc 本文主要探討網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息安全中的數(shù)字圖像水印技術(shù),介紹了數(shù)字水印的研究背景、基本原理、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域以及當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,文中結(jié)合混沌技術(shù)、 svd變換、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和差錯(cuò)控制編碼等技術(shù)提出了多種不同類型水印算法方案,它們分別是:混沌技術(shù)在數(shù)字水印技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用; svd變換域中的數(shù)字水印方案;基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和糾錯(cuò)編碼應(yīng)用的穩(wěn)健性增強(qiáng)方案。
( 6 ) the analysis on singularity configurations of the manipulator were investigated by the singular value decomposition of jacobian matrix , which was treated with the damped least - square method in the motion . from the results obtained it was indicated that the minimum singular value of manipulator calculated by the damping jacobian matrix were far from zero position . velocity , position and accelerate of all the joints of manipulator moved regularly , consequently the problem that the joint of mani ( 6 )通過(guò)雅可比矩陣奇異值分解進(jìn)行番茄收獲機(jī)械手奇異性分析,并采用阻尼最小二乘法對(duì)機(jī)械手運(yùn)動(dòng)中的奇異位形進(jìn)行處理,使番茄收獲機(jī)械手最小奇異值遠(yuǎn)離零點(diǎn),各關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度、位置和加速度運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)異常波動(dòng),解決了機(jī)械手在奇異位形處某些關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)法控制的問(wèn)題。
A piece - wise constant system ( pwcs ) method and singular value decomposition method of observability matrix of a dynamic system is proposed . and the good effect is achieved for analyzing observability and its degree of strapdown inertial navigation systems in initial alignment stage . through the computer simulation for different maneuver trajectories of the carrier in initkil alignment stage , obtain some important results 本文對(duì)捷聯(lián)式慣導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)基座初始對(duì)準(zhǔn)這種時(shí)變系統(tǒng),研究和分析了pwcs (分段線性定常系統(tǒng))方法來(lái)判斷系統(tǒng)的可觀測(cè)性,奇異值分解的分析方法判斷系統(tǒng)各狀態(tài)的可觀測(cè)度,并通過(guò)大量的仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了這兩種方法,得出了一些重要信息。
There are three means to decrease the number of attributes : delete irrelevant attributes to the task using fisher ' s discriminant ratio ; merge correlate attributes according to pearson ' s correlation coefficient ; reduce the dimensionality of the attribute vector by singular value decomposition 在屬性選取時(shí)根據(jù)fisher函數(shù)把對(duì)分類影響小的屬性刪除,由pearson ' scorrelationcoefficient將相關(guān)聯(lián)的屬性合并,用singularvaluedecomposition減少屬性向量空間的維度。
First of all , d - h matrix is used to construct a kinematics model and a geometric parameter identification model for the robot , singular value decomposition ( svd ) for jacobian matrix is given , and elementary row operations are applied to the last 5 rows of the matrix to find the geometric parameters to be compensated 首先,使用d - h矩陣對(duì)機(jī)器人建立了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型和幾何參數(shù)識(shí)別模型,對(duì)雅可比矩陣進(jìn)行奇異值分解并對(duì)分解后的正交陣的最后5行進(jìn)行初等行變換,以確定需要補(bǔ)償?shù)膸缀螀?shù)。
The system identification method is presented for backcalculating the dielectric property and thickness of pavement structures . the method of singular value decomposition is put forward to diagnose the ill - conditioned governing equation and the problem of finding solution to ill - conditioned governing equation is successfully resolved . the parameter adjustment arithmetic with high accuracy , which is based on precise theory and can be converged rapidly , is established 提出了路面結(jié)構(gòu)層介電特性及其厚度反演分析的系統(tǒng)識(shí)別方法,將奇異值分解技術(shù)應(yīng)用于控制方程的病態(tài)診斷和求解,有效地解決了控制方程病態(tài)時(shí)的求解問(wèn)題,建立了理論嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、收斂快、精度高的模型參數(shù)調(diào)整算法,并開發(fā)了路面結(jié)構(gòu)層材料介電特性及其厚度反演分析軟件sidthk 。
The advent of the internet and the wide availability ofcomputers , scanners and printers make digital data acquisition , exchange and transmission a simple task . however , making digital data accessible to others through networks also creates opportunities for malicious parties to make salable copies of copyrighted content without permission of the content owner . digital watermarking is likely to be a potential solution to this problem . digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to the problem of copyright protection of multimedia documents in networked environments . it makes possible to embed a watermark ( such as identification data , serials number , text or image etc . ) to multimedia documents allowing copyright protection , secret communication , document authentication and so on . in this paper , we present a new digital image watermarking method based on svd ( singular value decomposition ) , and then give some theoretical analysis about the algorithm . extensive experimental results show that this method is much more robust than other methods presented before 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,數(shù)字圖像、音頻和視頻產(chǎn)品愈來(lái)愈需要一種有效的版權(quán)保護(hù)方法,另外通信系統(tǒng)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的信息安全問(wèn)題也日益顯露出來(lái).數(shù)字圖像水印技術(shù)為上述問(wèn)題提供了一個(gè)潛在的解決方案.所謂水印技術(shù)就是將數(shù)字、序列號(hào)、文字、圖像標(biāo)志等版權(quán)信息嵌入到多媒體數(shù)據(jù)中,以起到版權(quán)保護(hù)、秘密通信、數(shù)據(jù)文件的真?zhèn)舞b別和產(chǎn)品標(biāo)志等作用.本文提出了一種新的基于奇異值分解的數(shù)字水印算法并且對(duì)該方法的理論基礎(chǔ)給出分析.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明這種方法要比目前提出的流行算法魯棒
As to feature extraction , it can be divided into two parts because face features can be divided into geometrical features and algebraic features . while extracting geometrical features , the features of eyes , nose , mouth , eyebrows can be gained by some image processes : binary , sharpen , smooth , projection , calculating gradient and so on . in order to extract algebraic features , we can do some mathematical transformation for the digital images such as singular value decomposition , k - l transformation 首先根據(jù)人臉圖像二值化圖中頭發(fā)塊的輪廓,確定出人臉的一次輪廓;然后在人臉的一次輪廓中以黑塊分析與投影分析相結(jié)合的方法定位出人眼,黑塊分析基于圖像的二值特征以及人眼的幾何特征,投影分析則基于圖像的灰度特征進(jìn)行,它對(duì)黑塊分析的結(jié)果進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充;根據(jù)定位出人眼信息,取出人臉的二次輪廓;對(duì)人臉的二次輪廓進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,獲取人臉的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖像。
5 . the correlation between 100hpa height field and 500hpa height field , precipitation field , sst field and apparent atmospheric heat source and moisture sink field are also studied by using singular value decomposition and the conclusions are similar to those by composite and correlation analysis ( 5 )用svd分解法研究了夏季100hpa高度場(chǎng)和夏季500hpa高度場(chǎng),前期和同期海溫場(chǎng)、大氣視熱源和視水汽匯場(chǎng)的相互關(guān)系,得到了與前面用合成分析和相關(guān)分析類似的結(jié)論。
In this paper , damped least - square method utilized to overcome kinematic singularity of robotic manipulators was improved , which achieved more accurate tracking compared to the traditional method . singular value decomposition ( svd ) , to which was attached great importance in singularity - robust inverse kinematics and kinematic control of redundant manipulators , was investigated . also , an overwhelmingly utilized algorithm of svd was improved and some possible problems encountered in joint failure issues and redundant issues when using this algorithm was deeply discussed 本文改進(jìn)了解決機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)奇異的阻尼最小二乘法,同傳統(tǒng)的阻尼最小二乘法相比具有更高的跟蹤精度;研究了在機(jī)器人奇異魯棒性逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、機(jī)器人冗余運(yùn)動(dòng)控制中占有重要地位的矩陣奇異值分解,對(duì)一種應(yīng)用廣泛的奇異值分解算法做了改進(jìn),并對(duì)其在關(guān)節(jié)卡死和冗余控制中可能遇到的問(wèn)題做了較為深入的討論,系統(tǒng)地描述了一階運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)實(shí)現(xiàn)方案,為軌跡規(guī)劃打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix, with many useful applications in signal processing and statistics.