Taoism , while not radically subversive , offered a range of alternatives to the confucian way of life and point of view 道教,并不是以激進(jìn)的方式破壞,與儒教的生活方式和觀點(diǎn)提供了并列的二中選一法。
As the supernatural concepts of confucianism develop and change , two opposite views of ghost and god flow into mainstream , and yet both of them hold that ghost and god are immortal 摘要儒教的鬼神觀念有一個(gè)發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程,最終兩種對(duì)立的鬼神觀成為主流,但都認(rèn)為鬼神是不死的靈魂。
Laozi and zhuangzi , living at a time of social disorder and great religious skepticism ( see article on confucianism ) , developed the notion of the dao ( tao - way , or path ) as the origin of all creation and the force - unknowable in its essence but observable in its manifestations - that lies behind the functioning ' s and changes of the natural world 老子和莊子,生活在一個(gè)社會(huì)混亂和對(duì)宗教產(chǎn)生懷疑的時(shí)期(看看儒教的一篇文章) ,發(fā)展出道的觀念(道? ?道路,或者路徑) ,是所有創(chuàng)造物和力量的源頭? ?在本質(zhì)上是不可知的,但通過(guò)它的表現(xiàn)而看得見(jiàn)? ?生命背后的機(jī)能和自然世界的轉(zhuǎn)變。