ill adj. (worse; worst ) 1.〔用作表語〕有病的。 ★英國此義作修飾語時是用 sick. 美國無論作表語或作修飾語通常均用 sick. 2.〔用作表語〕難過的,不高興的,不痛快的。 3.〔用作修飾語〕不健康的,惡劣的,有害的,不幸的。 4.困難的,麻煩的。 5.拙劣的,笨拙的。 be mentally ill 有精神病。 He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 〔諺語〕不能自愛,焉能愛人。 The sight made me ill. 這種景象使我難受。 It's an ill wind that blows nobody good. 〔諺語〕世上沒有對人人都不利的事。 Ill news runs apace. 〔諺語〕惡事傳千里。 ill deeds 惡劣行為,壞事。 ill nature 劣根性。 of ill repute [fame] 名聲不好。 ill health 不健康。 ill fortune [luck] 不幸。 ill will [blood] 怨恨,惡意。 ill breeding 教養(yǎng)不好。 ill management 管理不善。 It is ill to be defined. 很難對它下定義。 be ill to please 很難討好。 be illof [with] (pneumonia) 患(肺炎)。 be taken ill 害病。 do sb. an ill turn 害某人。 fall [get] ill 患病,染疾。 meet with ill success 終于失敗。 take in illpart 誤會,動氣。 adv. (worse worst) 1.壞,惡劣;拙劣,笨。 2.不完全,不充分,幾乎不。 behave ill行為不好。 ill got, ill spent 悖入悖出。 It ill becomes him to speak so. 他不應(yīng)該這樣說。 I can ill afford it. 這我辦不到。 use sb. ill 殘酷地驅(qū)使,虐待。 It would go ill with him. 他要吃虧的。 be ill accord with 和…很不相稱。 be ill at ease 不安。 ill off 困苦,家境不好。 speak ill of 說…的壞話。 take sth. ill 誤會,動氣 ( Don't take it ill of him. 你別為他生氣)。 think ill of 誤會。 n. 1.惡,兇;罪惡。 2.〔 pl.〕 不幸,災(zāi)難;病痛。 do ill 為害。 the ills of life 人生的艱難困苦。 bodily ills 疾病。 the ills that flesh is heir to 人生不能避免的痛苦,命運的打擊。 for good or ill 好歹。 work ill 作惡。
Managers face well - and ill - structured problems 管理者會面臨較好結(jié)構(gòu)的問題和較差結(jié)構(gòu)的問題。
Ill - structured problem 結(jié)構(gòu)不完善的問題
Ill - structured problems are new or unusual , involve ambiguous or incomplete information , and are solved using nonprogrammed decisions 結(jié)構(gòu)不良是新出現(xiàn)的,而且不尋常的,解決含糊的或不完全的信息,沒有項目決策可以利用。
So , it is very important to understand physics problem - solving instruction correctly and to seek a sort of equilibrium between the well - structured problem and the ill - structured problem 因此,正確理解物理問題解決,在結(jié)構(gòu)良好問題與結(jié)構(gòu)不良問題之間尋求一種平衡則是十分重要的。
Futher research led the author to hold about the existence of multi - attributes characteristic of decision making criteria , fuzziness of decision making environment , ill - structured of decision making problems , and group decision making in the agricultural project investment decision making 農(nóng)業(yè)項目投資決策普遍存在決策準(zhǔn)則的多屬性、決策環(huán)境的模糊性、決策問題的結(jié)構(gòu)不良性以及決策者的群體性等特點。
Through analysis , the results are as the following : ( 1 ) to prove have uncoordinated phenomenon , between the basic research for design policy and the knowledge introduction of the functionaries . ( 2 ) the most decision types of the design policy ' s functionary are messenger , and sequences are evaluator . ( 3 ) the personal knowledge backgrounds of the design policy ' s functionary influence the design policymaking . ( 4 ) the issues of the design policy belong to " ill - structured problems " , which affects the contextuality of policy knowledge 所得資料經(jīng)統(tǒng)計分析后,研究結(jié)果得知我國設(shè)計政策制定: ( 1 )基礎(chǔ)研究與任職者所引用知識之間,存在著不能配合的現(xiàn)象; ( 2 )任職者知識引用的決策型態(tài)僅以訊息傳遞為最多; ( 3 )任職者個人的知識偏好,影響設(shè)計政策制定于不完全知識下進(jìn)行決策; ( 4 )設(shè)計政策屬于結(jié)構(gòu)不良的政策問題,影響著政策知識環(huán)境系絡(luò)的發(fā)展。
Put above hypotheses together we can propose a comprehensive solving alternative to in hence decision making effectiveness for agricultural project investment : to build fuzzy analysis hierarchy process based on entropy and fuzzy multi - attributes decision making models in the model base of agricultural project investment gdss . we can to adopt group advices and experiences , promote the opinion integration and improve the solving methods of ill - structured problems that supported by group decision support system 按照這一概念框架,作者提出提高農(nóng)業(yè)項目投資群體決策效果的整體解決思路:建立基于熵權(quán)的模糊層次分析法,以及模糊多屬性群體決策模型的農(nóng)業(yè)項目投資群體決策支持系統(tǒng)模型庫;通過群體決策支持系統(tǒng)的支持,充分考慮決策群體的決策思想及經(jīng)驗,促進(jìn)意見集結(jié),改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)不良問題的解決。
The main characteristics of problem - based learning are : ( 1 ) learning is student - centered ( 2 ) learning occurs in small student groups ( 3 ) teachers are facilitators or guiders ( 4 ) problems form the organizing focus and stimulus for learning ( 5 ) problems are authentic and ill - structured ( 6 ) problems are a vehicle for the development of real - world problem - solving skills ( 7 ) new information is acquired and skills are trained through problem - solving process ( 8 ) evaluation is authentic and performance - based . after describing the features of problem - based learning , this thesis compares problem - based learning with other instruction models - lecture , direct instruction , case methods , discover - based inquiry , problem - centered learning , simulation and gaming and mantle of the expert ( roles ) on three aspects : ro 這種教學(xué)模式的基本特征是: ( 1 )是一種以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)方法; ( 2 )學(xué)習(xí)形式是以一個學(xué)生小組為單位; ( 3 )教師是輔助者、引導(dǎo)者; ( 4 )以問題為中心組織教學(xué)并作為學(xué)習(xí)的驅(qū)動力; ( 5 )問題是真實的、劣構(gòu)的; ( 6 )問題是發(fā)展學(xué)生實際解決問題能力的手段; ( 7 )在問題解決的過程中獲得新的知識、培養(yǎng)能力; ( 8 )真實的、基于績效的評價。
Problem - knowledge environment , where based on solving ill - structured problems , students may construct mathematics . by " doing mathematics " or exploring " mathematics experiment " , they may invent or discover some new mathematics knowledge by themselves . this is a challenge to traditional learning , which belongs to innovative learning . in microcosmic aspects , based on broad sense of knowledge idea , we make id for primary adaptive learning environment , while based on cognitive flexibility theory , we make id for senior adaptive learning environment 高級學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境是一個再發(fā)現(xiàn)、再創(chuàng)造、建構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)知識的環(huán)境,其主要作用是促進(jìn)學(xué)生基于數(shù)學(xué)問題解決,通過“做數(shù)學(xué)” 、探究“數(shù)學(xué)實驗”而進(jìn)行再發(fā)現(xiàn)、再創(chuàng)造和建構(gòu)新的數(shù)學(xué)知識和數(shù)學(xué)模式,這是一個數(shù)學(xué)創(chuàng)新學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境。
Applying fuzzy decision making methods may solve the fuzziness of decision environment in agricultural project investment . solving ill - structured problems by group decision support systems , inducing decision makers to present and understand the problems by the use interacts with the computer system , improving the decision making effectiveness by electronic meeting . these measures may enhance the decision effectiveness in agricultural project investment 針對上述問題,作者提出:用層次分析法處理農(nóng)業(yè)項目投資多屬性決策問題;用模糊決策方法解決決策環(huán)境的模糊性;用群體決策支持系統(tǒng)解決結(jié)構(gòu)不良問題,通過人?機(jī)對話系統(tǒng)引導(dǎo)決策者對問題的表達(dá)和理解,通過電子會議改進(jìn)群體決策效果。