The economic policies have four factors . they are financial , monetary , exchange - rate , economic - control regulation 即:財政手段、金融手段、匯率手段、經(jīng)濟(jì)管制手段、制度手段。
Much of the current enthusiasm for market - based regulation stems from the results of a pilot program launched in the u . s . in 1990 當(dāng)前對于市場導(dǎo)向管制手段的熱中,大多源自1990年一項在美國起動的先導(dǎo)計畫。
U . s . civil aircraft and engines are high - value exports with the added benefit of potential future exports for spare parts to support those systems 利希滕伯姆還表示,美國并未利用出口管制手段幫助美國公司。
Faced with the threat of the global environmental deterioration and the basic need of the sustainable development , environmental tax has been proved theoretically and practically an effective economic means . environmental tax is based on the theory of externality and that of public goods and means that the government forces a firm to achieve the internalization of its externality by means of tax 面臨全球性環(huán)境威脅和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本要求,在眾多措施中,環(huán)境稅不失為一種被理論和實踐證明了的有效經(jīng)濟(jì)手段。環(huán)境稅依托外部性和公共物品理論而存在,即用稅收手段迫使行為人實現(xiàn)外部性的內(nèi)部化,由于環(huán)境稅能提供管制手段等所不能提供的收入,它對政府也有一定吸引力。
At present , chinese environment measure mainly includes the administration control means and economic means , and attaches most importance to the administration control means . furthermore , the main economic means of regulating the environmental pollution is “ the polluter ejection fee ” , and this is in the color of planned economy 我國現(xiàn)行環(huán)境管理措施主要包括行政管制手段和經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,其中又以行政管制為主;經(jīng)濟(jì)手段主要是收取排污費,這又帶著明顯的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時期色彩。
管制: control手段: means; medium; measure; meth ...金融管制手段: instrument of monetary control信用管制手段: instrument of credit control控制手段: confontol device; control device強(qiáng)制手段: coercive measure; coercive methods; compulsive means; compulsory measures用強(qiáng)制手段: with strong hand不靠強(qiáng)制手段: without resort to compulsion不用強(qiáng)制手段: without resort to compulsion財務(wù)限制手段: financial covenant采取強(qiáng)制手段: resort to compulsion質(zhì)量控制手段: tools of quality control自動控制手段: automatic control means石棉管制手冊: asbestos management manual控制手段或措施: control強(qiáng)制手段, 強(qiáng)制措施: coercive measure對某人采取強(qiáng)制手段: twist someone’s man強(qiáng)制地, 用武力, 用強(qiáng)制手段: by strong arm嚴(yán)厲的或強(qiáng)硬的管理或控制手段: a heavy hand harsh or firm control手段: 1.(方法) means; medium; measure; method; approach; lever; machinery; plan; resource; road; device; engine; tool; weapon 不擇手段 by fair means or foul; by hook or by crook; unscrupulously; 高壓手段 high-handed measures; 強(qiáng)制手段 coercive method; coercion; 寫小說作為一種謀生手段絕非易事。 fiction writing as a means of living is no easy task.2.(不正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒? trick; artifice 卑鄙手段 a dishonourable trick; a scurvy trick; an underhand trick; 采用種種手段 resort to all sorts of tricks; use every artifice; 耍手段 play tricks管制: 1.(強(qiáng)制管理) control 外匯管制 foreign exchange control; 交通管制 traffic control; 軍事管制 military control2.(對罪犯強(qiáng)制管束) put under surveillance 管制處分 punishment of control; 管制勞動 labour [work] under surveillance; 管制燈 battle lantern; battle light; 管制股權(quán) controlling interest; 管制商品 controlled commodity裁制手套: cut gloves觸覺控制手: tactile controlled hand閥控制手輪: valve control handwheel機(jī)制手套: machinemade glovess