Map 1 shows the distribution of the retroflex initials in the synchronic perspective . it is suggested that seemingly " weird " sound changes have been produced as reactions in terms of a general tendency for de - retroflextion 筆者認(rèn)為,卷舌音聲母在不少地區(qū)正處于趨向消失的過程中,而對(duì)此趨勢(shì)的反作用則在某些地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了似乎不很正常的語音變化。
The present paper demonstrates the structure of a phonetic and phonological data - base called rtfl , which provides synchronic and diachronic information on retroflex initials as well as on structurally related initials in chinese dialects 本文介紹了有關(guān)卷舌音聲母的一種數(shù)據(jù)庫,稱為R T F L 。此數(shù)據(jù)庫的基本原則是“符號(hào)化” ,即以數(shù)字或羅馬字代表各項(xiàng)語音或音韻特徵。
He has also shown how electronic technology can be harnessed to map out and account for phonological developments in china through the example of retroflex initials . mitsuaki endo follows the admirable tradition of toiling with patience and perseverence to provide a foundation that will facilitate research by others . he has compiled frequency data on initials , medials ( glides ) , nucleus vowels , rhyme endings and tones in the chinese rhyme book 遠(yuǎn)藤光曉經(jīng)過長期艱苦的努力,對(duì)《廣韻》中所出現(xiàn)的音位(聲母、介音、主要元音和聲調(diào))進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì),并求出了各音位及各種語音類別的頻率,為今后從計(jì)算與計(jì)量的角度研究從中古到現(xiàn)代各方言的語音演變過程及原因提供了量化的依據(jù)。
英文解釋
articulate (a consonant) with the tongue curled back against the palate; "Indian accents can be characterized by the fact that speakers retroflex their consonants"